Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences

The increased power quality demands along with rising power rating requirements become achievable with multilevel inverters which offer reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI) and harmonic distortion. The simultaneous processing capacity of added switches becomes crucial to manage as multilevel inverters increase their levels. The paper presents the implementation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters having two and three levels of configuration. The geometrical symmetry within the six sectors connects the procedure of switching on-time calculations to the strategy of on-time arrangement. The modeling of two and three level inverters through MATLAB/Simulink happens alongside experimental data verification of the system performance. The results indicate that photovoltaic cells can serve as an appropriate power source for the NPC inverter.

Keywords : PV cell, SVPWM, NPC, LabVIEW, Two-level, Three-phase inverter

Author : Wang Chie

Title : An SVPWM-Based Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(05)

Page No : 01-06

More industries select induction motors for their industrial applications because these motors provide both cost and operational simplicity compared to direct current devices. A z-source matrix converter operating indirectly controls the speed of three-phase induction motors. Flux control technique maintains a V/f ratio at the same time it regulates slippage. The research evaluates different braking approaches for the motor by studying their impact on flux variation together with reference velocity. The suggested system received its desired response parameters from PSO Algorithm through PI controller coefficient determination. The suggested system implementation using corresponding converter data matched to an induction machine operated through MATLAB software in SIMULINK. The proposed system together with the indirect Z source matrix converter shows fast performance in generating suitable torque and velocity.

Keywords : Induction motor, converter, particle swarm optimization (PSO), method, and indirect Z-source matrix

Author : Ramesh

Title : Indirect Z-source Matrix Converter with PSO-PI Controller for Induction Motor Speed Control under Different Break Conditions

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(05)

Page No : 07-12

Large amounts of data must be accessible in order to be properly organised and grouped so that access to the data is made easier; clustering algorithms are now doing this for us. Semantic data clustering, which is necessary for semantic interpretation of the input data, has received particular attention in recent years. Three modified clustering approaches are applied in this article, and their outcomes are assessed. On the basis of this, a method is initially created that applies a few principles to avoid confusion inside clusters. The provided data can be subjected to a rule-based clustering. The following method then applies ontology-based semantics to carry out these rules. Finally, the fundamental method modifies the assumed ontology before applying rules to clusters. The outcome demonstrates that the clusters formed from the data included within them were both highly similar and highly dissimilar from one another. Additionally, there was a notable decrease in the k-distance of these clusters, and the correlation was raised.

Keywords : Ontology, Protege, Clustering, Rapid mine, Retrieve, and Semantic

Author : Li shenghui

Title : Improving Semantic Clustering Using Ontology and Rules

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(05)

Page No : 13-18

One of the most widely utilized software architectural patterns for creating many contemporary systems is service-oriented architecture. It has, nevertheless, been a part of numerous failures. Anti-patterns are solutions that appear to be good but are actually flawed and lead to system failure. Numerous anti-patterns for SOA exist, and new ones are discovered daily. Anti-patterns are developed for different reasons and arise in specific areas of the problem. It will be challenging for architects to identify anti-patterns because the human mind is limited in its ability to process several states (pieces of information). In order to find SOA anti-patterns, we present a systematic approach in this paper that is based on a library of anti-patterns and a check list. This technique will help architects identify and steer clear of anti-patterns in the development process, hence avoiding anti-pattern-related hazards. Additionally, we offer a collection of 45 general anti-patterns in SOA in this study. By reviewing these anti-patterns, developers can prevent numerous potential issues and work with a clear grasp of patterns throughout software development phases. Additionally, our approach is tested in practice.

Keywords : Checklist, Repository, Service-Oriented Architecture, Anti-patterns

Author : Mohammad Rafi Khan

Title : Finding Anti-patterns in the Development of Service-Oriented Systems

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(05)

Page No : 19-21

A multi-level inverter together with hybrid solar and wind renewable energy system functions as an energy management system to supply lossless power to the load within this work. This system receives ongoing data about battery storage together with power consumption before performing a comparison against default values. The system will shut off the loads any time power consumption exceeds its default value. Our system includes loading priority measures to provide users with better convenience. The Purpose of MPPT technology is to enhance the PV module power production. Our article follows the existing system design by using a buck converter together with a boost converter to operate with the PV module's excessive output voltage when compared to DC-bus standards. Buck converters serve as the components that reduce voltage levels. This system will show users Buck-Boost mode switching capabilities together with automatic system configuration status updates. A maximum power output of 10 kW serves as the measurement basis for confirming the hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter analysis through experimental data collected from three-string MPPT systems with EMS.

Keywords : Buck-Boost Converter, PV System, Renewable Energy System, MPPT, Hybrid Multilevel Inverter

Author : Surya

Title : Multilevel Inverter Energy Management System for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(05)

Page No : 22-26

This research demonstrates a new compact I-slotted patch antenna solution and evaluates the fundamental antenna characteristics. The antenna is fed through the inserted feed technique. The proposed patch antenna gets its 3D modelling and design from the IE3D simulation software package. The main purpose of this proposed research is to develop a small antenna with high bandwidth capacity. The bandwidth capability of the suggested microstrip antenna extends from 3.721 GHz to 5.423 GHz. Through basic inset feeding and I-slotted broad bandwidth addition the antenna design resulted in 5 dB gain with 88% radiation efficiency.

Keywords : I-shaped, compact patch, antenna (RMPA), inset feed, rectangular microstrip patch, wideband

Author : Kuldeep Singh

Title : I-Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design and Analysis for Wireless Applications

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(05)

Page No : 27-30